Question
Do I need a passport to travel within the Western Hemisphere?
Answer
In April 2005, the Departments of State (DOS) and Homeland Security (DHS) announced a plan to be implemented in stages beginning on December 31, 2005 for the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative. All persons, including U.S. citizens, traveling by AIR between the United States and Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Bermuda are required to present a valid passport, Air NEXUS card, or U.S. Coast Guard Merchant Mariner Document. U.S. Legal Permanent Residents are only required to present their green cards for departure and re-admission, but most other countries will not admit you without a passport from your country of citizenship. Consequently, airlines will not allow LPR's to board without a passport in hand. Refugees and asylees may use the U.S. travel document in lieu of a passport from their country of citizenship.
Although the requirement is now in effect for all international air travelers to have a passport for travel into and out of the U.S., we are aware that some travelers have not been able to obtain passports because of delayed processing times in both Canada and the U.S. CBP has informed airlines that travelers with sufficient documentation to provide evidence of a good faith effort to obtain a passport in a timely fashion, (i.e. a receipt from an issuing agency) can be brought to the U.S. from Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean and Bermuda, where we will determine their admissibility on a case by case basis. Only travelers who have made an effort to obtain passports in a timely fashion should contact airlines about being allowed to board under these guidelines. Travelers who have been negligent in obtaining required documents should not expect to be accomodated. Travelers to and from other destinations previously requiring a passport for travel are not eligible for this accomodation.
Domestic travel within the U.S. does not require the presentation of a passport. In particular, Canadian citizens may travel by land to the U.S. then fly to other domestic U.S. locations without a passport.
As of January, 2008, all persons, including U.S. citizens, traveling between the U.S. and Canada, Mexico, Central and South America, the Caribbean, and Bermuda by land or sea (including ferries), may be required to present a valid passport or other documents as determined by the Department of Homeland Security. While recent legislative changes permit a later deadline, the Departments of State and Homeland Security are working to meet all requirements as soon as possible. Ample advance notice will be provided to enable the public to obtain passports or passport cards for land/sea entries.
For further information on the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative please visit the Department of State